Compound engine.



A. MORASKI. COMPOUND ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 7. 1911.

1,239,029. Patented Sept. 4,1917.

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COMPOUND ENGINE.

APPLlCATlON FILED MAR. 1. m1.

1,239,029. Patented Sept. 4,1917.

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COMPOUND ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I. 19!].

1,239,029. Patented Sept. 4, 1911.

4 SNEETS-SHEET 4- whines a AMBROSE MORASKI, 0F HOUSTON, MISSOURI.

COMPOUND ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 4, 1917.

Application filed March 7, 1917. Serial No. 153,096.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AMBROSE MORASKI, a citizen of the United States, residing at Houston, in the county of Texas and State of Missouri, have invented a new and useful Compound Engine, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention appertains to internal combustion engines, and it is the object of the invention to provide a novel and improved compound engine, utilizing the excess pressure or expansion of the gas to advantage, and thereby providing for economy and efiiciency.

The invention has for another object, the combination with an engine of the piston and cylinder type, a rotor driven by the excess expanding gas after the piston has practically completed its explosion stroke.

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of the nature indicated which can be reversedin its operation, being provided with a novel reversible valve gear which is readily controlled manually.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a simple and inexpensive device for starting the engine manually.

Another object of the invention is to provide an engine of the nature indicated of such construction that the vital parts arereadily accessible for examination, repair and cleaning.

With the foregoing and other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, can be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a side elevation of the engine showing one cylinder or unit in full and a portion of another.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the engine. F Fig. 3 is a sectional on the line 3-3 of Figs. 1 and 5 are enlarged sectional details taken on the respective lines 4-4 and 5-5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a detail view of lever.

the shifting Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the oscilla tory wing and accompanying parts.

The engine can have any number of units or cylinders. Each unit embodies a base or stand 1 in the form of a suitable frame or casting, and supporting a cylinder 2 below which a crank casing 3 is hung from the base or frame 1. The lower section 4 of the crank casing is detachable, in order to give access to the crank and connecting rod, and permitting of the easy removal of the piston and corresponding parts. The cylinder 2 is inclosed by a water jacket 5 within which Water can circulate for cooling the cylinder. The head of the cylinder has a suitable spark plug or ignition device 6 supplied with electrical current in any desired manner, and the head of the cylinder is also provided with a priming cup 7. A crank shaft 9 is jo urnaled through the crank casing 3 and base 1 and its crank within the casing 3 is connected by a connecting rod 10 with the piston 11 which works in the cylinder. The parts are lubricated by the splash system, the lower portion of the crank casing being filled with suitable lubricant which is splashed to the bearings and piston by the movement of the crank and connecting rod. The cylinder 2 is provided adjacent to its head with an intake port 12 and clean out exhaust port 18, puppet valves 14 and 15 being provided for the respective ports and having the respective stems 16 and 17.

The cylinder 2 is provided with an excess expanding gas outlet port 18st a point to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its stroke away from the head of the cylinder, in order that when the piston reaches this position at the end of the explosion stroke, the excess expanding gas can pass through the outlet or exhaust port 18 to perform work, thereby avoiding waste of energy, and also eliminating pressure which momentarily resists the movement of the piston until the valve 15 is completely opened to allow the burnt gases to be discharged freely.

The excess of gas which is discharged through the port 18 is utilized to assist in the rotation of the crankshaft 9, and for this purpose the base or frame 1 is provided with a circular rotor casing or stator 19 in which a rotor 20 is rotatable, the same being keyed upon the crank shaft 9 to rotate therewith. The rotor 20 has a semi-crescent shaped chamber 21 terminating at one end in a chordal surface 22 extendin to the periphery of the rotor, the rotor aving a slot 23 at the inner portion of the surface or shoulder 22 and having a cavity 24 within the outline of said shoulder 22. An impulse receiving plate 25 disposed in a chordal position fits slidably against the shoulder 22, its inner edge portion being received by the slot 23 to assist in guiding said plate for chordal movement with its outer edge bearing slidably against the inner circular surface of the casing 19. The plate 25 has a lug 26 projectin into the cavity 24, and a bolt 27 1s engage into the rotor 20 and extends through the cavity 24, the lug 26 being slidable upon said bolt, and a coiled wire expansion spring 28 surrounding said bolt and being confined between the lug 26 and theinner end of the cavity 24 whereby to yieldably project the plate 25 against the inner cylindrical surface of ,the casing 19,

to rovide a fluid tight fit.

he casing 19 has an exhaust port 29 in its periphery communicating with an exhaust pipe 30, and the casing 19 is provided with a recess 31 opening into the interior of the casing and past which the impulse receiving plate 25 is movable. A conduit 32 is provided, and its passage 33 establishes communication between the port 18 and recess 31, a puppet valve 34 or other suitable valve being provided for the assage 33 and port 18 to control the flow 0 fluid through said port. The valve 34 has a depending stem 35.

In order to transmit the power of the excess expanding gas to the rotor 20, an oscillatory wing 36 is mounted snugly in the recess 31, and has one end mounted upon a rock shaft 37 within the recess 31. The wing 36 projects in the direction of the rotation of the rotor, (clockwise as seen in Fig. 3) and is provided at its free end with a roller 40 to move along the curved end 39 of the re cess and contact with the plate 25 and periphery of the rotor. An arm 41 is carried by the wing 36 at the other end of the recess, and coiled compression springs 42 are confined between the arm 41 and a removable cover plate 38, whereby to normally retract the wing 36 from the main chamber of the casing 19 and move it into the recess 31. The recess 31 is inclosed by the walls of the casing, and is provided in a removable block 43. In order to revent leakage ast the pivoted portion 0 the wing 36, he same is rounded as at 36, and a packing block 38 is slidable between the plate 38' and block 43 and bears upon the portion 36 under the pressure of screws 38 threaded downwardly through the plate 38'. The excess expanding gas which. flows through the port 18 and passage 33 impinges against the wing 36 thereby swin ing it toward the rot r un der pressure, an the parts are so arranged,

ried by the base 1 at one side of the cylinder..

The cam shaft is operatively connected with the crank shaft to be rotated once every two revolutions of the crank shaft, and for this purpose a gear wheel 46 is secured to one end of the shaft 44 and meshes with an idler 47 in turn meshing with a pinion 48 upon the crank shaft. A single cam 49 for the valve 34 is secured upon the shaft 44, while a pair of reverse cams 52 and 53 are secured upon said shaft for the clean out valve 15, and a similar pair of reverse cams 54 and 55 secured upon the cam shaft for the intake valve 14. The valve 34 is only operated durin the operation of the engine in one directlon, wherefore a single cam 49 for the valve 34 is provided, while the valves 14 and 15 are operated during the movement of the parts in either direction. A lift arm 50 having one end fulcrumed, has its free end adapted to rest upon the cam 49, and similar lift arms 56 have their free ends adapted to rest upon the cams 52 and 54 or the cams 53 and 55. The valve stem 35 seats upon the arm 50, being depressed by a spring 51 which tends to seat the valve 34, and the stems 16 and 17 seat upon the arms 56, be ing depressed by the springs 57 which tend to seat the valves 14 and 15.

In order to shift the cam shaft 44 longitudinally for changing the direction of operation, a sleeve 58 is secured upon the shaft 44 and has assembled therewith, a swivel collar 59 connected by links 60 with the bifurcated arm 61 of a hand lever 62 fulcrurned to one bracket 45. The lever 62 carries a dog or pawl 63 engageable in notches 64 of a segment 64 carrie by said bracket 45, whereby the lever 62 and shaft 44 can be held in either position.

To facilitate the shiftin of the cam shaft, a rock shaft 65 is journa ed upon the base in rear of the ,cam shaft 44, and is pro vided with arms 66 having fingers 67 projecting transversely therefrom under the lift arrns 50 and 56. The shaft 66 has a. handle 68 which when raised, raises the arms 56 so that their fingers raise the lift arms 50 and 56. This raises the valve stems with the lift arms, and the lift arms being raised permit the cams to be shifted longitudinally without interference.

As a simple yet effective means for starting the engine, a gear wheel 69 is journaled for rotation upon a spindle 70 outstandin from the jacket 5 and having a clutch hub 71, the gear wheel 69 meshing with a gear wheel 72 integral with the fly wheel 73 secured upon the crank shaft. A crank 74 has a clutch hub 75 rotatable upon the spindle and engageable with the clutch hub 71 when the crank is pushed inwardly, the crank in being rotated imparting rotary movement to the crank shaft, as will be apparent.

The operation of the engine is as follows :Supposing that the crank shaft is to be rotated in the direction in which the wing 36 projects, then the cam shaft 44 is adjusted to bring the cams 52 and 54 under the arms 56, and the cam 49 under the arm 50, the wing 36 being held in the recess 31 under the influence of the spring 42. During the intake stroke of the piston 11, the cam 54 raises the corresponding lift arm 56 which in turn raises the stem 16 of the intake valve 14, thus permitting the charge to be sucked into the cylinder, the valve 14 being released at the end of the intake stroke of the piston, so that the charge will be compressed during the next stroke of the piston which is toward the head thereof. The charge is then fired by the spark plug or igniter 6, and the piston is then forced through its power or explosion stroke, the cam 49 raising the lift arm 50 and stem 35 to unseat the valve 34 as the piston approaches the end of its power stroke, and when the piston 11 moves beyond the excess expanding gas outlet 18, the excessive burning charge or gas is free to flow under pressure through the outlet or port 18 and passage 33 into the recess 31. The impulse thus directed against the wing 36 swings said wing toward the crank shaft, whereby its roller 40 is forced against the impulse receiving plate 25, which acts as a cam to give a rotary impulse to the rotor 20 and crank shaft by the pressure of the wing 36 against the rotor, the pressure fluid also acting against the plate 25 to assist in the actuation of the rotor and crank shaft. The excessive pressure is thus utilized to advantage, for purpose of economy and efliciency, the valve 34 being released when the piston is moved through the exhaust or clean out stroke, and as soon as the pressure against the wing 36 is relieved, said wing is returned into the recess 31 by the springs 42. This completes the four cycle action, and the operation is then repeated.

When the operation of the engine is reversed, the rotor 20 is not given an impulse, due to the fact that the rotor is also rotated in the reverse direction. The reversal is accomplished by manually adjusting the valve gear. Thus, the handle 68 is raised, whereby to raise the arms 66, which in turn raise the lift arms 50 and 56, in order that the cam shaft 44 can be adjusted longitudinally without interference, and after the cam shaft has been moved to its other position, the handle 68 is released so that the lift arms move downwardly. In this case, the cam shaft 44 is shifted by means of the lever 62 to remove the cam 49 from under the lift arm 50, and to remove the cams 52 and 54 from under the lift arms 56 and to move the cams 53 and 55 under said lift arms 56. The cams 53 and 55 are in positions reverse to the positions of the cams 52 and 54, to provide for the reverse operation of the engine, the valve 34 remaining seated.

The engine can be operated not only by hydrocarbon fuel, but also by steam or other pressure fuel providing that a suitable intake or inlet valve is provided, aswill be obvious to those skilled in the art.

It is preferable to provide the stator 19 with an air chamber 76, in which the air will be heated due to the heating of the stator by the exhaust gases, the chamber 76 having a port 77 for receiving air, and a pipe 78 being connected to the chamber 76 for conducting the air to the carbureter (not shown) which is in turn connected to the intake manifold or intake ports of the cylinders. Hot air can thus be provided for the carbureter, which is desirable for obvious reasons.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new is:

1. An engine havin a cylinder, a piston working therein, sai cylinder having an excess expanding gas outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power'stroke, a crank shaft to which said piston is connected, a rotor secured upon said shaft, a casing inclosing the rotor, and movable means for receiving and transmit ting the impulse of the excessive expanding gas from said outlet to the rotor.

2. An engine having a cylinder, a piston working therein, said cylinder having an excess expanding outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power stroke, a rotor having a chamber, a casing inclosing the rotor having a recess communicating with said outlet, and means working in said recess and movable from said recess into engagement with the rotor by the impulse of the excessive expanding gas to transmit the impulse to the rotor.

3. An engine having a cylinder, a piston working therein, said cylinder having an excess expanding gas outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power stroke, a rotor operatively connected with the piston and having a chamber, a casing inclosing the rotor and having a recess communicating with said outlet, and an oscillatory wing working snugly within said recess and swmgable by the impulse of the excessive expanding gas into enga ment with the rotor to transmit the impu thereto.

4. An engine having a cylinder, a piston working therein, said cylinder having an excess expanding gas outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power stroke, a crank shaft to which said piston is connected, a rotor secured to the crank shaft and having a chamber and a chordal shoulder at one end thereof, a spring pressed impulse receiving plate resting against said shoulder, a casing inclosing the rotor and having an exhaust port, said plate working against the periphery of said casing, the casing having a recess, a conducting member establishing communication between said recess and outlet, a valve for controlling the flow of gas through said conducting member, and an oscillatory wing working snugly within said recess and spring pressed to be normally retracted into the recess, said wing being swingable from the recess into engagement with said plate and the periphery of the rotor.

engine having a cylinder, a piston worlnng therein, said cylinder having an excess expanding gas outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power stroke, a rotor having a chamber, a casin inclosing the rotor, a removable block assem%led with said casing and having a recess communicating with sald outlet, and an oscillatory win working snugly within said recess and pro ectable into the chamber of the rotor. 6. An engine having a cylinder provided with intake and clean out ports and an excess expanding gas outlet, intake and clean said outlet to the stator out valves for the intake and clean out ports, respectively, a valve for the excess ex anding gas outlet, a longitudinall shi able cam shaft having a single cam the last mentioned valve and reverse cams for the intake and clean out valves, members operated by said cams for operating the valves, manually operable means for shifting the cam shaft, the cam shaft when in one position renderin operative, an? means for moving said members away from the cams to permit the cam shaft to be shifted.

engine havin a cylinder, a piston working therein, saif cylinder having an excess expanding outlet arranged to be uncovered when the piston reaches the end of its power stroke, a stator, a rotor rotatable within the stator and connected with said piston, means for conducting the gas from for operating the rotor, said stator having an air chamber rovided with an inlet port and an outlet or supplying air to a carbureter.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto aifixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

AMBROSE MORASKI.

Witnesses:

War. 0. WALDECK, O. T. JOHNSON.

the last mentioned valve in-' 

